In a large mixing bowl, combine the flour, instant yeast, sugar, and salt. Mix well to combine the dry ingredients.
Pour in the warm water and 1/4 cup of olive oil. Stir until a shaggy dough forms.
Knead the dough in the bowl for about 5-7 minutes until it becomes sticky and elastic. Alternatively, use a stand mixer with a dough hook for 4-5 minutes.
Lightly oil a large bowl and place the kneaded dough inside, turning it to coat with oil. Cover the bowl with a damp towel or plastic wrap.
Let the dough rise in a warm place for about 1-1.5 hours or until it has doubled in size.
Preheat the oven to 425°F (220°C).
Once the dough has risen, pour it onto a greased baking sheet or a large cast-iron skillet. Use your fingers to spread and stretch the dough into a rectangle or circle (about 1/2-inch thick).
In a small bowl, mix the minced garlic with a few tablespoons of olive oil. Brush this mixture generously over the surface of the dough.
Sprinkle the grated Parmesan cheese, fresh rosemary, and coarse sea salt evenly over the top.
Use your fingers to create dimples all over the surface of the dough, which will help in creating a nice texture.
Bake for 20-25 minutes until the focaccia is golden brown and the cheese is bubbly.
Remove from the oven and let it cool slightly before slicing. Drizzle a little more olive oil on top if desired.
Notes
Serve warm, cut into squares or triangles, and garnished with extra chopped rosemary on top for a fresh touch. Pair with marinara sauce or olive oil for dipping.